کلمات رسمی آکادمیک و غیر رسمی انگلیسی در مقاله و پایان نامه

در مقالات آکادمیک و پایان نامه ها سعی شود بیشتر به جای کلمات قرمز رنگ که ریشه آلمانی و غیر رسمی دارند، از کلمات رسمی آبی رنگ که از لاتین آمده است استفاده شود.

البته این به آن معنی نیست که کلمات قرمز رنگ نباید استفاده شود چرا که در برخی قسمت های متن استفاده از آنها اجتناب ناپذیر است.

هر چند تعدادی از کلمات آبی رنگ دقیقا مترادف کلمات قرمز نیستند، اما در مقاله ها به مراتب رایج تر هستند.

به مثال های زیر دقت کنید. جمله های دوم شکل آکادمیک جمله های اول هستند. همانطور که مشاهده می کنید تغییر یک یا دو کلمه می تواند باعث تغییر متن از شکل غیر رسمی به صورت علمی و آکادمیک شود.

این عبارات آکادمیک و رسمی انگلیسی، در نامه های تجاری حرفه ای و رایتینگ های آیلتس و تافل کاربرد فراوانی دارند.

In late winter it rains all the time.

Academic: In late winter it rains constantly.

This second book is much more interesting than the first.

Academic: This second book is considerably/ substantially more interesting than the first.

Failure to pay royalties is nothing less than a breach of the contract.

Academic: Failure to pay royalties is tantamount to a breach of the contract/ constitutes a breach of the contract.

The threat of nuclear confrontation is smaller than it used to be.

Academic: The threat of nuclear confrontation has receded/ decreased/ diminished.

The work includes quite a big index.

The work includes quite a big index.

Academic: The includes a very substantial index.

Relations between those two superpowers have continued to get worse.

Academic: Relations between those two superpowers have continued to deteriorate.

The essay has no real value or content whatever.

Academic: The essay is devoid of any real value or content.

Experiments were carried out with the maximum care for detail.

Academic: experiments were conducted with the maximum care for detail.

If there is to be any progress, these problems will have to be dealt with.

Academic: If there is to be any progress, these problems will have to be addressed.

The book does without any real introduction and proceeds to the development of its central thesis.

Academic: The book dispenses with any real introduction and proceeds to the development of its central thesis.

In her emphasis on these despotic regimes the author fails to point out that the whole area has seldom known democracy.

Academic: In her emphasis on these despotic regimes the author omits to point out that the whole area has seldom known democracy.

In a later article he modified his original thesis.

Academic: In a subsequent article he modified his original thesis.